It isn't just the cost of testing. The barrier to entry, no matter how modest, is not what increases the price so much. It's the pricing power acquired from t

It isn't just the cost of testing. The barrier to entry, no matter how modest, is not what increases the price so much. It's the pricing power acquired from the lack of competition, as the barrier prevents new entrants. If three brands of GPS mapping device dominate the consumer market, but only one of them bothers to certify for aircraft, the exact same hardware in an aircraft dash-mount will cost many times the amount for a consumer handheld. Costs only determine prices for commodity suppliers. Everyone else charges what the market will bear.