By coincidence I just posted https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18066472 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18066472 about the expense of AWS et al for NASA

By coincidence I just posted https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18066472 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18066472 about the expense of AWS et al for NASA's HPC work. (Deep learning, "big data" et al are, or should be, basically using HPC and general research computing techniques, although the NASA load seems mostly engineering simulation.)