My wife's family were dissidents in Czechoslovakia, and they've mentioned western shortwave broadcasts as being part of their political climate between 1968 and

My wife's family were dissidents in Czechoslovakia, and they've mentioned western shortwave broadcasts as being part of their political climate between 1968 and 1989. But that's a small sample size. For sure, a shortwave broadcast isn't going to change the majority opinion the way 24/7 propaganda can. But it can influence a few intellectuals, who in turn influence others. It's impossible to do a randomized controlled trial to measure its effectiveness.