Very true, even within one university. I once took a class on the physics of life, that is, I photocopied the last couple of pages from the book containing list

Very true, even within one university. I once took a class on the physics of life, that is, I photocopied the last couple of pages from the book containing lists of formulas from another student and did the exam (books allowed). I had no idea whatsoever the subject was about, but by guessing which formulas to use based on the units I was able to complete the exam. 4 ECTS credits for 2 hours of work. On the other hand there are experimental courses where you spend many many times that amount of time to get 4 credits.