I mostly agree with this. But part of it is scientific illiteracy on behalf of most people, who want these 100% answers, not grades of evidence and certainty. A

I mostly agree with this. But part of it is scientific illiteracy on behalf of most people, who want these 100% answers, not grades of evidence and certainty. An observation study is definitely helpful, but should be taken as what it is, an observational study, not truth, which is often how it is reported and understood. But I don't think that coming to wrong conclusions is necessarily 'far more dangerous'. People who drink 1 drink a night are not likely to have dramatically different outcomes than people who abstain. (perhaps unless it contributes to binge drinking, but science already says that is bad)