It happens because the types of problems software engineers face are random and require active engagement and creativity to solve. There's no book that you can

It happens because the types of problems software engineers face are random and require active engagement and creativity to solve. There's no book that you can read that says "if the program crashes, try these things". Yes there are basics but theres no real formula that always leads to the solution. Each program is unique enough that you have to study the internals of how it works and then test hypotheses about the root cause. In engines, they all follow the same predefined models. Software does have "models" but most people don't use them or they blend models together and don't document how they work. So we end up with having to solve many problems on the fly. Not everyone can do this (crucially, even people with cs degrees) , so to avoid hiring people who can't, they try to test for the ability during the interview. This is fraught with an entire slew of issues. Some of which are non-technical people asking the questions, applicants sharing the answers and gaming the system, or as the article says, sadistic interviewers that enjoy the feeling of power. To date, nobody has found a universally effective system to hire good programmers.