I don't know BrainOS, but the most obvious difference is that ROS is open source, so you can prototype or tinker with it easily. BrainOS seems to be a totally c

I don't know BrainOS, but the most obvious difference is that ROS is open source, so you can prototype or tinker with it easily. BrainOS seems to be a totally closed solution, and details are sparse on what it actually runs and does. ROS has a BSD license, so it is even possible that BrainOS is actually using some ROS package or resources. After a quick look, most SW positions at BrainOS mentions than having a prior experience with ROS is a plus.