Honest question: are there actually any long-term longitudinal studies of affirmative action that reasonably demonstrate it does or doesn't work? You seem to ta

Honest question: are there actually any long-term longitudinal studies of affirmative action that reasonably demonstrate it does or doesn't work? You seem to take it as a truism, but I'm not convinced that concerted after-the-fact addressing of symptoms is necessarily doomed to failure, pragmatically or generally speaking.