For particles, this already exists on all new diesel vehicles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_part

For particles, this already exists on all new diesel vehicles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter). They use filters made out of materials that can stand up to very high heat, and then when the filter gets clogged up, the vehicle injects some fuel and burns off the accumulated particles. This may start to get used in gasoline cars as well -- the new direct injection gas engines produce a lot of particulates, but this is not yet well regulated.