Whether perfect abstractions "could" be made is mostly moot because in practice they are not. The reasons include but are not limited to: 1) Humans make mistak

Whether perfect abstractions "could" be made is mostly moot because in practice they are not. The reasons include but are not limited to: 1) Humans make mistakes and are often ambiguous. 2) Perfection is often not economical. 98% good enough may require 1/10 the code of 99.9% perfect and customers don't want to pay for 10x the coding. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worse_is_better https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worse_is_better 3) New standards or technology comes along that challenge the original assumptions made. (I gave an example of OOP GUI libraries versus Web elsewhere.) 4) Performance: heavy-handed abstractions are often too slow because they have more conditionals and converters/fixers to adjust the translations or interfaces.