That's why when studies that make discoveries of new correlations, they have to replicate such findingers in different study designs that actually allow you to

That's why when studies that make discoveries of new correlations, they have to replicate such findingers in different study designs that actually allow you to say something about causation. In medicine, that would often mean a randomized study between treatment A and a placebo. However, with factors such as race, or sex this is obviously impossible.