> Why did those Poles end up in France? Same reason talented Poles now go to London or New York. > What was Russification? Germanification? Mostly futile att

> Why did those Poles end up in France? Same reason talented Poles now go to London or New York. > What was Russification? Germanification? Mostly futile attempts to make people speak different language than they speak. Language was banned in some places, for some time. And they achieved nothing - if anything, Polish Romantism movement was flourishing because of the "forbidden fruit" effect.