It depends how Chrome is programmed to detect languages. The language detection could be all done in the browser, and it would only send data to google if you w

It depends how Chrome is programmed to detect languages. The language detection could be all done in the browser, and it would only send data to google if you want to translate. The translation could be intercepted, but it could also (hopefully) be encrypted. To get a definite answer you would need to look at the source code and go from there.