Contrary to what's written about microkernel speed: Systems I used in the '80s to great effect used at least the moral equivalent of a microkernel ("Nucleus").

Contrary to what's written about microkernel speed: Systems I used in the '80s to great effect used at least the moral equivalent of a microkernel ("Nucleus"). They were fast (compared with VAXen etc.) for interactive use and supported real-time processes. (Some visitors thought context switching was a bit slow, assuming "microseconds" meant "milliseconds".) The filesystem was fast enough to dispel the assumption a "database" was always required for speedy experimental data access rather than a file per spectrum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS4000 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS4000 The performance wasn't just because Nucleus initially was in hard/firmware; two later software implementations were performant (on faster hardware). Also, as the article is about security: at least the original Nucleus also supported an A1/B3-level secure OS.