The Apple Lisa was kind of half way in this direction. The Lisa ROM contained the matrix layout for each keyboard language, but it was the keyboard itself that

The Apple Lisa was kind of half way in this direction. The Lisa ROM contained the matrix layout for each keyboard language, but it was the keyboard itself that would return both the scancode and the fixed language of the keyboard being used. And IIRC plugging in a keyboard of a different language would automatically change the system software the use that language.