The majority of countries where elections take place, don't have voting machines. So it's hardly surprising that most kinds of election fraud don't involve voti

The majority of countries where elections take place, don't have voting machines. So it's hardly surprising that most kinds of election fraud don't involve voting machines. Also, I am very sceptical of your claim that most of the problems belong to the last category. If it seems that way, I say that is because of observation bias. It's much easier to find evidence of voter intimidation than for fraudulent counting, even if both take place.