As I wrote in another comment, you can still come up with theories for certain types of simulation, and test whether their properties hold or not. I suspect no

As I wrote in another comment, you can still come up with theories for certain types of simulation, and test whether their properties hold or not. I suspect no one in the “simulation community” ever expects to disprove a simulation completely, but as the authors did you can try to come up with a likely simulation model (maybe close to how we would do it) and try to refute that.