The article talks about Japanese discriminating against female candidates for medical training. There are likely high workhour requirements and poor childcare s

The article talks about Japanese discriminating against female candidates for medical training. There are likely high workhour requirements and poor childcare support systems / cultural norms against childcare done by non-parents that can be fixed to address this problem. Regarding US training bottlenecks. Speaking of specialties more than general Doctor positions, it takes a certain number of cases per year to train a doctor and to sustain the skills of doctors that require specialized hand skills (surgeons of any kind, ortho etc). Those skills are perishable and many hospitals get lower number of cases of certain types than needed to sustain multiple good surgeons. For example, you wouldn’t want to go to a doc that does less than 4 Whipples per year if you need a Whipple. The bottleneck in training docs is the number of cases in the US in each specialty.