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Linear logic is the shit. I've been reading up a lot on linear logic and certain things I have a hunch it closely corresponds to and I'm convinced it's the form
by adamnemecek 8y ago
Linear logic is the shit. I've been reading up a lot on linear logic and certain things I have a hunch it closely corresponds to and I'm convinced it's the formalism for 21st century.
Basically, it's like classical logic but with two players. From player 1's point of view, player 2's AND has different semantics than his own AND.
It's the logic of state developing over time. In classical logic a statement can only be true since negative eternity and it will be true until eternity.
On the other hand, linear logic deals with statements like "I have a dollar" which can be spent on an ice cream. Therefore, at some point, "I have a dollar" was false, then it became true, and then it became false again.
It's also the logic that captures the difference between a reference and a value which is weirdly important. Unix's "everything is a file" should actually be recast as "everything is a reference".
The Rust borrow checker is based on a subset of linear logic and it's the secret sauce of said compiler. It can reason statically about dynamic systems.
I'll make some claims that I can support with papers if need to be so ask if you want proof. Currently, probability is based on measure theory however linear logic can also be used (Vovk bases probability on game theory which is essentially linear logic).
Generative adversarial networks (which are based on minimax) are based on linear logic as minimax is very linear logical.
I would go as far as to say that mathematics, in addition to axiom of choice also needs an axiom of adversarial choice. Axiom of choice assumes that you can always pick the best possible option, however you need to be able to account for your worst possible options as well. All mathematical optimization falls outside of classical logic.
The funniest thing is that this idea, the duality of things is very old. Dialectics is very firmly rooted in Western philosophy (Aristotle, Kant, Hegel, you know the usual suspects) however no one ever extended it to a formal logic.
Karl Marx (I hate Marx but realize that his ideas might have influenced people so knowing why he was wrong is worth something) also talked about a similar idea (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_materialism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_materialism). In particular Engel's summary is work exploring https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_materialism#Engels's_dialectics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_materialism#Engels...
They are essentially talking about linear logic, however the third rule is very much wrong, negation of negation is not a part of a logic of two opposites.
It can also be used as the foundation of probability instead of the more traditional measure theory.
I can talk about this for hours.
- aquamongoose 8y ago> Axiom of choice assumes that you can always pick the best possible option, however you need to be able to account for your worst possible options as well. All mathematical optimization falls outside of classical logic. Not sure what you mean here. The axiom of choice just says that the Cartesian product of a set of nonempty sets is nonempty. Can you explain what you mean by "best possible option" and "worst possible options"?
- adamnemecek 8y agoImma paraphrase Wikipedia. You are right but I find the informal definition to be more illuminating. “Informally put, the axiom of choice says that given any collection of bins, each containing at least one object, it is possible to make a selection of exactly one object from each bin, even if the collection is infinite”. Now imagine that there’s an opponent who decides the object selection of certain bins. This is a silly example but compare playing chess single player vs multiplayer. In the single player chess, you still have two sides, you are still trying to make your side to win, however you decide all the moves (even for the other party). IRL, a lot of choices are outside of your control. So in some sense, you need to account for your opponent's best moves (which are generally the worst moves for you).
- aisofteng 8y agoI’m having difficulty following your comments about adversarial choice as related to the axiom of choice. What you’re saying doesn’t sound well-defined (in the mathematical sense).
- adamnemecek 8y agoIt's actually very well defined (or which part are you confused by). I'm stating these things informally as a formal treatment is right now beyond me and it also doesn't really exist. Look up Chu spaces esp their relationship to linear logic. This paper is pretty informative https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Chu-spaces-as-a-semantic-bridge-between-linear-and-Pratt/3bf444cc4a892eccfa4f51064c4b85079acfbcd8 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Chu-spaces-as-a-semant... Fundamentally, think of the minimax algorithm. You have two sides each optimizing for victory.