Although no law will prevents all scams, some European governments do have much stricter laws on when you can "cold call" period. In Germany, for instance, than

Although no law will prevents all scams, some European governments do have much stricter laws on when you can "cold call" period. In Germany, for instance, thanks to legislation passed a decade ago, I believe the customer needs to grant explicit permission in order for a business to be able to cold call, and no telemarketer can impersonate your phone number -- https://www.thelocal.de/20090804/21021 https://www.thelocal.de/20090804/21021. It would be interesting to see if there is a correlation with these sorts of laws, and the prevalence of phone scams.