That's what davegardner above mentioned as well, but something like the 2010-11 recession was too much for many companies to "coast" over, so they ultimately ha

That's what davegardner above mentioned as well, but something like the 2010-11 recession was too much for many companies to "coast" over, so they ultimately had to choose 1, 2, or 3. And sometimes this conservative method doesn't work for risky businesses. Sometimes if you don't pour everything into investments to stay on top of close competition, you might be destroying your company (in which case everybody gets laid off).