Except in rare cases like chemotherapy drugs, only healthy patients are selected for a phase 1 study and the entire phase is carried out at hospitals under doct

Except in rare cases like chemotherapy drugs, only healthy patients are selected for a phase 1 study and the entire phase is carried out at hospitals under doctor supervision. They do get paid and there really is no ethical alternative. By definition, zero drugs would have a "plausible health benefit" at this stage because you're trying to figure the negative effects and a maximum safe dose without having confounding effects from the disease you are trying to treat.