I was talking about international peering. If you are in USA/Europe, it's not much of an issue. Outside of that, the situation gets murky. Local ISPs don't do i

I was talking about international peering. If you are in USA/Europe, it's not much of an issue. Outside of that, the situation gets murky. Local ISPs don't do international peering, they piggyback on other, whose peering capacity is almost always oversold. Yes, the last mile is the biggest expense, but other costs are not small either. An ISP with a couple of 1000 users are just reselling BW from someone else. They are at the mercy of their upstream's peering. I wasn't referring to them. I own an ISP outside the developed nation.