> python expects you to remember all the minutiae of all the code you are calling. If you cant remember, then you need to suck it up and pick your way through t

> python expects you to remember all the minutiae of all the code you are calling. If you cant remember, then you need to suck it up and pick your way through the code and mentally keep track of what is going on at every stack frame. I have seen python code written this way. It's not a joy to work on. This function returns this type of class or this other type of class based upon input, and the two are not interchangeable say, so you have to refactor a bunch of code if your type changes underneath you. The typical pattern is a method should return something of one kind of class only or raise an exception. And then newer tools like PyCharm can help you out here by knowing what the functions are going to return.