There are also alternative languages flourishing on top of the JVM. Besides JRuby mentioned in TFA, there are awesome languages you can use like Scala, Clojure

There are also alternative languages flourishing on top of the JVM. Besides JRuby mentioned in TFA, there are awesome languages you can use like Scala, Clojure, Kotlin or even Haskell [0], all enabled by a runtime that proved to be truly multi-language, as in alternative languages are not just superficial syntactic sugar for Java (like CoffeeScript is for JS, or VB.NET is for C#). Every time I have to use Java, the language, I hate it, however those languages are not Java, yet can leverage the decades of knowledge, libraries and tools built on top of the JVM. It's a little funny in retrospective, I remember Microsoft's marketing in early 2000 and .NET developers were saying "Java is single language, multi-platform and .NET is multi-language, single-platform". Nowadays both statements are false. [0] https://eta-lang.org https://eta-lang.org