> I would suggest that if you can express the exact same semantics with a "few" more lines then it's just sugar. I agree. The important question is what we mea

> I would suggest that if you can express the exact same semantics with a "few" more lines then it's just sugar. I agree. The important question is what we mean by "the exact same semantics". I would say that observational equivalence is the most appropriate; i.e. that no other code can tell that there's a difference (without performing unpredictable side-effects like parsing the contents of the source file). Python is a really difficult language for this, since it provides so many hooks for redefining behaviour. For example in many languages we could say that 'x + x' and 'x * 2' and 'x << 1' are semantically the same (they double 'x'), but in Python those are very different expressions, which can each invoke distinct, arbitrary code (a `__mul__` method, an `__add__` method, etc.). The fact they often do the same thing is purely a coincidence (engineered by developers who wish to remain sane). It's fine if we only care about the 'black box' input/output behaviour, but at that point it no longer matters which language we're using; we could have something more akin to a compiler rather than desugaring into expressions from the same language. > it's always possible to rewrite the program There's an important distinction here too. Are we saying that "a semantically equivalent program exists"? That's a trivial consequence of Turing completeness (e.g. there's always an equivalent turing machine; and an equivalent lambda calculus expression; and an equivalent Java program; etc.) Are we saying that an algorithm exists to perform this rewriting? That would be more useful, since it tells us that Rice's theorem doesn't apply for this case (otherwise it might be impossible to tell if two programs are equivalent or not, due to the halting problem). Are we saying that we know an algorithm which will perform this rewriting? This is the only answer which lets us actually run something (whether we call that an "elaborator", a "compiler", etc.). Yet in this case I don't know of any algorithm which is capable of rewriting Python involving `:=` into Python which avoids it. I think such an algorithm might exist, but I wouldn't be surprised if Python's dynamic 'hooks' actually make such rewriting impossible in general. I certainly don't think that a local rewrite is possible, i.e. where we can swap out any expression of the form `x := y` without changing any other code, and keep the same semantics. If it is possible, I would say that such a local, observational equivalence preserving rewrite rule would qualify for the name "syntactic sugar". > It's just combining the assignment and expose operations. I'm not sure what you mean by "expose", and a search for "python expose" didn't come up with anything. It would be nice to know if I've missed out on some Python functionality!