I think the issue is more complex. Take an average college grad, put them in a "good enough" company with a shitty manager and less than interesting work and I

I think the issue is more complex. Take an average college grad, put them in a "good enough" company with a shitty manager and less than interesting work and I think there's 10-20% of those grads who get comfortable and enjoy the paycheck and low stress. At some point, they start to think about the future or compare themselves to their peers, but turns out they don't have the skills to get a new job, let alone match the paycheck Dave's getting. There's tons of companies out there trying to maintain OLD OLD stuff. They're hiring too. There's also a category of people who prefer work where they can come in, do their thing, and leave at the end of the day. They're not looking for more responsibility and there's nothing wrong with that, but they too are left with a skills gap.