"Patterns. Finally, let’s assume that we want to continuously detect whether the temperature has changed more than 20% within any five-minute period. This query

"Patterns. Finally, let’s assume that we want to continuously detect whether the temperature has changed more than 20% within any five-minute period. This query is impossible to do efficiently with standard SQL." This is completely untrue. SQL is more than capable of pattern detection. For example Oracle MATCH_RECOGNIZE clause: https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DWHSG/pattern.htm#DWHSG8965 https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/DWHSG/pattern.htm#DWHSG... But to make thing clear, we need to move on from SQL-89 mindset. SQL is really powerful Turing complete language. Row pattern recognition is part of SQL standard (ISO/IEC TR 19075-5:2016) https://modern-sql.com/blog/2017-06/whats-new-in-sql-2016 https://modern-sql.com/blog/2017-06/whats-new-in-sql-2016