I wonder if the fallout of this will be VW/Audi/Porsche investing more seriously into electric cars. Their major bet on fleetwide emissions reductions has been

I wonder if the fallout of this will be VW/Audi/Porsche investing more seriously into electric cars. Their major bet on fleetwide emissions reductions has been clean diesel, but clearly that's been all smoke and mirrors. There's been articles suggesting that all the diesel OEMs are 'optimizing' their emissions testing (another poster pointed out this leads to an unrealistic ratcheting effect that furthers unrealistic expectations... regulators think their goal was achieved, so we set even tighter ones). In the 2000's, BMW bet big on hydrogen fuel cells. That one hasn't panned out either... electric is what's left.