Like the others said, given any initial order, a 'proper shuffle procedure' gives the same probability to each other possible order of the deck. Note that this

Like the others said, given any initial order, a 'proper shuffle procedure' gives the same probability to each other possible order of the deck. Note that this definition is about the process, not the end result. (One might say something about the end result using Kolmogorov complexity, but I know very little about that) It should also be said that the "7 normal riffle shuffles" mentioned earlier in the article is not a 'proper shuffle procedure' in the strict sense. For example, it seems to me that cards that were close together in the initial state are likely to remain closer together after 7 riffle shuffles than after a proper shuffle.