Early computers were indeed programmed using toggle switches and such to input a bunch of 1’s and 0’s, which is all the computer hardware itself understands. Ad

Early computers were indeed programmed using toggle switches and such to input a bunch of 1’s and 0’s, which is all the computer hardware itself understands. Additional layers were added later so that we humans could work with something that we understand, but ultimately all of that still gets translated down to individual bits. So in the end we're still programming with 1’s and 0’s, only we usually just don't realize it.