I don't think it's right to say that enforcing copyrights is an aspect of free trade. In practice many countries don't want free trade unless their copyrights

I don't think it's right to say that enforcing copyrights is an aspect of free trade. In practice many countries don't want free trade unless their copyrights get enforced and so copyright ends up getting rolled into free trade agreements but you could say the same with health and safety standards in products. I also think of government support for industry as orthogonal to free trade. Yes, countries have certainly sped up their development through the use of tariffs. By transferring money from consumers to people accumulating capital they increased the effective savings rate of the country and increase growth. But you can also literally just tax consumers and pass the money on to industrialists in the form of cheap loans like the Japanese did in their development. They didn't go off the gold standard until the Great Depression but I'm sure you could industrialize through fiat currency too though no cases come immediately to mind. I'm not entirely happy telling current poor countries "Suffer now so your grandchildren can be rich" even it that's what my ancestors did for me. And I'm certainly not going to advocate the sort of violent labor movement suppression that seems to have always gone hand in hand with rapid industrialization[1]. I suspect that a lot of truths about the world are going to change as AI develops over the next half century so I feel like I shouldn't be advocating sacrifices I'm not sure will pay off. [1]https://pseudoerasmus.com/2017/10/02/ijd/ https://pseudoerasmus.com/2017/10/02/ijd/