Not OP but that should probably render as: s ∈ A if M(s) >= c So: s (system state) is a member of A (permissible region) if M(s) (proxy measure of s since we c

Not OP but that should probably render as: s ∈ A if M(s) >= c So: s (system state) is a member of A (permissible region) if M(s) (proxy measure of s since we can't directly observe it) is greater than or equal to c (threshold)