I think the closest thing for this would be something like SpyJS, which is available for both NodeJS and browser JavaScript in JetBrains products such as Idea a

I think the closest thing for this would be something like SpyJS, which is available for both NodeJS and browser JavaScript in JetBrains products such as Idea and Webstorm. You can see previous executions of the code you're interested in, with a highlight of the paths followed through the logic and snapshots of the variables as they were at the time.