> They're not creating money from nothing, hence fractional. No, banks do create money through loans - lending occurs first, then reserve requirements are met

> They're not creating money from nothing, hence fractional. No, banks do create money through loans - lending occurs first, then reserve requirements are met afterwards. See for instance this research paper from Standard & Poor's: Repeat After Me: Banks Cannot And Do Not "Lend Out" Reserves https://www.kreditopferhilfe.net/docs/S_and_P__Repeat_After_Me_8_14_13.pdf https://www.kreditopferhilfe.net/docs/S_and_P__Repeat_After_... The idea of "fractional-reserve banking" isn't accurate when it comes to modern banking.