> The most vexing part of this is how long it took for others to notice. This has been an open secret for years. Anyone who wanted to know, easily could. Perh

> The most vexing part of this is how long it took for others to notice. This has been an open secret for years. Anyone who wanted to know, easily could. Perhaps not the existence of "defeat devices", but open disdain for and cavalier circumvention of the rules by all manufacturers. > Did no competitor try to legitimately meet emissions requirements Probably. German manufacturers openly share products for comparison with their competitors (realising they can't avoid it anyway). I think it's a safe bet that everyone knows what everyone else is doing.