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IMO pretty much no other language run-time is directly comparable to the JVM simply due to the VM part. Building an entire VM into your run-time comes at a huge

IMO pretty much no other language run-time is directly comparable to the JVM simply due to the VM part. Building an entire VM into your run-time comes at a huge complexity cost but is necessary for its goal of running on different hardware seamlessly. It is simply not worth it for most run-times to try for that level of binary compatibility when simpler solutions like cross compiling work most of the time.

0x0 8y ago
Arguably .NET and the CLR is "an entire VM in the runtime", too.
jfoutz 8y ago
Smalltalk probably. Which iirc, was a pretty big influence on the JVM.
- PeCaN 8y ago
  Sun literally bought the StrongTalk team to make StrongTalk into the JVM, so "pretty big influence" is something of an understatement.
  - dfox 8y ago
    From my very shallow understanding of CLR/CIL it seems to me that CLR's object model is significantly closer to Smalltalk than JVM's, at least because IIRC CLR has send-like opcode since the beginning, while JVM for a long time had only bunch of specialized invokefoo, with "call n-th method of something" semantics.
pjmlp 8y ago
Besides Smalltalk, Lisp and SELF come to mind.
jcrites 8y ago
Many other language runtimes (besides the Java JVM) are implemented as virtual machines: Python's most widely used CPython implementation uses a VM: https://leanpub.com/insidethepythonvirtualmachine/read https://leanpub.com/insidethepythonvirtualmachine/read Ruby "compiles the abstract syntax tree into lower-level byte code. This byte code is then run by the Ruby virtual machine.": http://blog.honeybadger.io/how-ruby-interprets-and-runs-your-programs/ http://blog.honeybadger.io/how-ruby-interprets-and-runs-your... Perl 6 runs on the Parrot VM: https://perl6.org/archive/architecture.html https://perl6.org/archive/architecture.html (and I believe Perl 5 had a different stack-based VM) These days, more interpreted languages use VMs than not. One notable language runtime that does not use a virtual machine is the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine, which I believe compiles JavaScript directly into machine code and then executes it.
- b2gills 8y ago
  Rakudo Perl 6 no longer supports Parrot, and hasn't since before the first official release of the Perl 6 specification tests on 2015-12-25. Most people run Rakudo Perl 6 on MoarVM, but it also runs on the JVM (with some caveats) and there is a JS based runtime that is being worked on.
- jashmatthews 8y ago
  V8 switched to an interpreter last year. It's a really interesting project: https://v8project.blogspot.com/2017/05/launching-ignition-and-turbofan.html https://v8project.blogspot.com/2017/05/launching-ignition-an...

0x0 8y ago

Arguably .NET and the CLR is "an entire VM in the runtime", too.

jfoutz 8y ago

Smalltalk probably. Which iirc, was a pretty big influence on the JVM.

PeCaN 8y ago
Sun literally bought the StrongTalk team to make StrongTalk into the JVM, so "pretty big influence" is something of an understatement.
- dfox 8y ago
  From my very shallow understanding of CLR/CIL it seems to me that CLR's object model is significantly closer to Smalltalk than JVM's, at least because IIRC CLR has send-like opcode since the beginning, while JVM for a long time had only bunch of specialized invokefoo, with "call n-th method of something" semantics.

pjmlp 8y ago

Besides Smalltalk, Lisp and SELF come to mind.

jcrites 8y ago

Many other language runtimes (besides the Java JVM) are implemented as virtual machines: Python's most widely used CPython implementation uses a VM: https://leanpub.com/insidethepythonvirtualmachine/read https://leanpub.com/insidethepythonvirtualmachine/read Ruby "compiles the abstract syntax tree into lower-level byte code. This byte code is then run by the Ruby virtual machine.": http://blog.honeybadger.io/how-ruby-interprets-and-runs-your-programs/ http://blog.honeybadger.io/how-ruby-interprets-and-runs-your... Perl 6 runs on the Parrot VM: https://perl6.org/archive/architecture.html https://perl6.org/archive/architecture.html (and I believe Perl 5 had a different stack-based VM) These days, more interpreted languages use VMs than not. One notable language runtime that does not use a virtual machine is the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine, which I believe compiles JavaScript directly into machine code and then executes it.

b2gills 8y ago
Rakudo Perl 6 no longer supports Parrot, and hasn't since before the first official release of the Perl 6 specification tests on 2015-12-25. Most people run Rakudo Perl 6 on MoarVM, but it also runs on the JVM (with some caveats) and there is a JS based runtime that is being worked on.
jashmatthews 8y ago
V8 switched to an interpreter last year. It's a really interesting project: https://v8project.blogspot.com/2017/05/launching-ignition-and-turbofan.html https://v8project.blogspot.com/2017/05/launching-ignition-an...