I think one of the fundamental aspects is self-awareness and meta cognition. Think about your thinking process, in comparison to those you interact with, and yo

I think one of the fundamental aspects is self-awareness and meta cognition. Think about your thinking process, in comparison to those you interact with, and you will learn about your assumptions/biases (and theirs). Use that awareness to compare with people whose judgement you respect (and those you don’t), and how they frame their opinions. These might even be fictional/idealized characters—the point is that they provoke meta cognition in you. As you become aware of different mental models, start practicing applying them to matters you encounter, and learning from feedback. Most resources take a short cut to this stage, but the art of choosing which mental models to apply when is an intensely personal matter, and can’t be obtained by reading about mental models. Further, as a useful rule of thumb: On any controversial topic, you’re not allowed to hold a strong opinion till you can clearly articulate the reasons for both/all sides of the matter (such that a person advocating the respective side would consider it a fair representation of their views/thought process)