Yeah, putting Merkel and other Bundeskanslers for Germany at the end was weird, they're not Heads of State, they're Heads of Government, and in all other regard

Yeah, putting Merkel and other Bundeskanslers for Germany at the end was weird, they're not Heads of State, they're Heads of Government, and in all other regards the video picked the Head of State. And as you say, back in the days of absolute monarchs, it was easy to know who was "ruling", but in modern democracies there's a lot more people involved with ruling. I think every modern democracy has the Head of State above the Head of Government, but especially in the constitutional monarchies of Europe, the monarchs have been all but stripped of their powers, and the title is merely ceremonial. At least the US makes it simple, the President is both Head of State and Head of Government. :-)