I like the european ancillary services model. In Switzerland for example (It's the one I know quite well), it's the TSO role to keep the grid stable; in this ca

I like the european ancillary services model. In Switzerland for example (It's the one I know quite well), it's the TSO role to keep the grid stable; in this case Swissgrid. Swissgrid then passes on the costs of this stabilization to the consumers. This stabilization is made by 3 main services: primary, secondary, and tertiary control (the level indicates the response time: instantaneous, 10s, 15 min). Anyone can be a ancillary services operator if they are big enough (5MW of control), and if they respect certain rules (must be audited, etc.). Then, when there is a need of control, a bid is created and the cheapest operators win the bid, effectively earning money (as a rule of thumb, you can earn ~20kCHF/year if you offer 1 MW of tertiary control power). It's much more for secondary. This model effectively makes the industries want to stabilize the grid either by consuming more, or consuming less when there is a need of grid stabilization. I would really want to see how much tesla will earn with their site in belgium, because their marginal cost of control must be quite small. PS: sorry for the english