It's a way to take interventions, for example what would happen if we can cigarettes, and model it with observational data. The do-calculus is just a couple of

It's a way to take interventions, for example what would happen if we can cigarettes, and model it with observational data. The do-calculus is just a couple of rules which say when we can do this. It essentially boils down to a couple of substitution rules.