Right, but at the low end, there are better options than Cisco (all 3 you mentioned really). At the high end (carrier grade), there weren’t necessarily. They’r

Right, but at the low end, there are better options than Cisco (all 3 you mentioned really). At the high end (carrier grade), there weren’t necessarily. They’re not going it alone; ONOS [1] is basically the open source carrier-grade networking platform. Think of it as Kubernetes for SDN packet routing that they’re building custom network integration solutions (think routers, bulk fiber termination, RF, satellite, laser, WiFi mesh) on top of. Then get Chinese manufacturers to build the hardware (which doesn’t have anything proprietary in it — all white box with Intel or ARM CPUs). Incredibly powerful and flexible, and they have all the heavy hitters involved (Google, Intel, Samsung, AT&T, Comcast, etc.) It will be a game-changer for telecom in another 5 or 6 years once the management tools mature and commercial solutions based on it are developed. [1] https://www.onosproject.org/ https://www.onosproject.org/