> And yet tolerate it will, because it is somewhat impossible to hire a team composed entirely of people who are each experienced and competent in writing and d

> And yet tolerate it will, because it is somewhat impossible to hire a team composed entirely of people who are each experienced and competent in writing and designing frontends, writing and architecting backends, deploying and maintaining whatever backing services you've using, build and release engineering, Linux, networking, etc. You're right that everyone is not going to start out knowing everything. No matter how senior you get, there will always be areas you know better or areas that you prefer, which are the "skews" I referred to in my original comment. When a new framework or technology or whatever is introduced, only one or two people will know it. That's all fine. Docker is the epitome of the broken segmented model. Devs hate and resent ops telling them they can't do things. Docker promised devs that if you spend a half-hour writing instructions to build an archive that contains your app's file tree and to pull in a completely untrusted OS userland `nice-mans-alpine:4.x.malware-free`, those annoying ops people will get out of your hair, and you can go ahead pulling `bad-actors-handy-4line-totally-safe-lib` from npm to your heart's content. No more complaints about that package not being approved, or the dependencies not installed, or the runtime too slow, ha! The whole comment thread on the original article is a case in point. Someone who is responsible for the whole software side of real systems will be horrified at the suggestion of such recklessness. However, developers who're only accountable for pushing "at least one commit per day!", and consider security and performance someone else's problem, will be thrilled at the prospect of "tearing it up with some 10x coding" while they silence "the Luddites". (who, sidebar, were too dumb to see the beauty in JavaScript back in the 90s! Pshaw!) Which dynamic do you want to encourage? > And what are junior developers supposed to do? The same thing that everyone else is supposed to do: learn it, gradually, as needed. Read the docs. Seek mentorship from team members who have that "skew" (formalize this process if necessary). Read the changelogs. Read the code. Figure it out! Many will protest and say it's outside of their comfort zone. Some will protest and say this is inefficient. That may be true in the short-term, but the system will invariably suffer if you do hard segmentation on the software work, because the falsely-separated concerns won't understand each other and end up setting up territories. People will hate the DBA because they won't understand why he cares about "boring crap" like "normal form". People will hate the sysadmin because they won't understand why he cares about "boring crap" like "not being woken up at 3am". Your front-enders will be more gregarious and have better haircuts, leading to prioritization of front-end concerns. Essentially, the project becomes driven by blame-shifting, protectionism, and which software-side segment has the more attractive people, because the concerns are fungible enough that any side could potentially handle them. That makes it a political competition. The project is no longer driven by technical prudence or efficiency. It's no longer about the tradeoffs involved in solving the problem at layer X instead of layer Y. The dividing lines from OS up are arbitrary. We can't all be experts in all of it, but we can all have the expectation that we need a basic grasp over the whole system, by which I mean the WHOLE SYSTEM, and that we should become competent in the major elements used to build it, and patiently nurse this competence over time. One team member should be able to handle 90% of the tickets that come in independently, whatever elements of the stack are affected (sysadmin, application code, database, frontend, etc.), and when they hit one of the 10% they can't do independently, they should consider it their responsibility to seek mentorship and learn the skills so that after several such rounds, they can do it independently. The only real question is whether there are enough people capable of this out there. I think there would be if we set it up as a general expectation. I'm not sure if there are when we've already accepted the segmentation as a fact of life.