The information from that App Actions session does make things a little confusing. In the All About Android podcast, Stephanie Saad Cuthbertson from the Android

The information from that App Actions session does make things a little confusing. In the All About Android podcast, Stephanie Saad Cuthbertson from the Android team says that the suggestions are done with on-device machine learning [0] (around 19:00). My best guess right now is the contextual suggested actions (ex. call a specific person) that show up in the launcher are done with on-device machine learning as she says, but more generic actions (ex. open the dialer to call somebody, not a specific person) that show up in search results would be done with something like Firebase App Indexing and would require those actions to be submitted to Google. [0] https://www.twit.tv/shows/all-about-android/episodes/368 https://www.twit.tv/shows/all-about-android/episodes/368