https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity16/technical-sessions/presentation/carlini https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity16/technical... "We

https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity16/technical-sessions/presentation/carlini https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity16/technical... "We evaluate these attacks under two different threat models. In the black-box model, an attacker uses the speech recognition system as an opaque oracle. We show that the adversary can produce difficult to understand commands that are effective against existing systems in the black-box model. Under the white-box model, the attacker has full knowledge of the internals of the speech recognition system and uses it to create attack commands that we demonstrate through user testing are not understandable by humans."