And then there's the Broad Institute[1]. For some research a hypothesis is too reductionist. Sometimes you need to catalog at exhaustive scale: sequence the en

And then there's the Broad Institute[1]. For some research a hypothesis is too reductionist. Sometimes you need to catalog at exhaustive scale: sequence the entire human genome, catalogue the structure of all cell types[5], and their pathways[6], log all gene expression for every tissue type in as many states of disease as possible[3], examine repurposing drugs by exposing every type of cell to every compound in the US Pharmacopoeia to look for novel effects (via transcriptomics)[2] Genomic sequencing, microfluidic liquid handling[4,7], and novel statistical approaches allow for scientific knowledge to be generated at an astounding pace. After the data exist, then we can make hypotheses. This is the new model for biomedical big science. This model of science is often criticized for not being hypothesis-driven, either as "stamp collecting," or as a force for vacuuming up funding that would otherwise support myriad small labs. It does bear fruit for schizophrenia[8], depression [9], as well as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease [10]. Where are the most interesting, most complex, and most challenging data problems these days? Not advertising. Not finance. Not crypto. Biology. (And many from cryptography, math, CS, and physics have switched gears to work on biological problems.) We run on messy stochastic software, and we finally have the tools to read the source code and save edits. It's an exciting time. 1. https://www.broadinstitute.org/about-us https://www.broadinstitute.org/about-us 2. https://clue.io/repurposing https://clue.io/repurposing 3. https://www.gtexportal.org/home/ https://www.gtexportal.org/home/ 4. https://www.broadinstitute.org/news/dronc-seq-microfluidic-single-nucleus-rna-sequencing https://www.broadinstitute.org/news/dronc-seq-microfluidic-s... 5. https://www.broadinstitute.org/news/international-human-cell-atlas-initiative-gets-underway https://www.broadinstitute.org/news/international-human-cell... 6. https://www.broadinstitute.org/klarman-cell-observatory/approach https://www.broadinstitute.org/klarman-cell-observatory/appr... 7. https://www.broadinstitute.org/files/patents/WO2016149661.pdf https://www.broadinstitute.org/files/patents/WO2016149661.pd... 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112379/pdf/emss-59304.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112379/pdf/ems... 9. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0090-3 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0090-3 10. (Via profile of common author in several fields) https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=EISUuucAAAAJ&view_op=list_works https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=EISUuucAAAAJ...