On FAT the "permissions" are in fact part of the directory entry (IIRC some OSes in "multitasking DOS" family even have FAT extended by having what essentially

On FAT the "permissions" are in fact part of the directory entry (IIRC some OSes in "multitasking DOS" family even have FAT extended by having what essentially is the unix mode, uid, gid tuple in the directory entry). On NTFS permissions live in MFT, which essentially is same thing as inode.