The specific kind of chaos here implies (roughly) that a system starting in state X and a system starting arbitrarily close to X will at some point in the futur

The specific kind of chaos here implies (roughly) that a system starting in state X and a system starting arbitrarily close to X will at some point in the future behave totally differently. Not different as in "they'll drift further apart," but different as in "this one rolls off the cliff and this doesn't." It's a fascinating field of dynamical systems, which is one of the coolest subfields of math (since the world is dynamic). Here's the wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory