I agree that there are upper limits on a given individual's potential, but I think you are being too absolutist in language. I'm not sure that you can take ANY

I agree that there are upper limits on a given individual's potential, but I think you are being too absolutist in language. I'm not sure that you can take ANY person and teach them any given thing. That's just silly. I think the powerful point is that there are and needs to be average programmers, and we can teach a subset of people to be that. There is evidence, even if anecdotally, that many are being dissuaded from the field due to a toxic belief that you are either born with some amazing ability to do the work and that it can't be taught, or you suck because you just "don't get it". Very damaging philosophy. I think we could teach certain people to do the work, maybe not everyone, but more than currently. There are a lot of mundane jobs in programming that do not need super high level abstraction and critical thinking skills.