It might get optimized by inlining, these functions are pretty small and would make good candidates. Passing small structs by value isn't as expensive as it on

It might get optimized by inlining, these functions are pretty small and would make good candidates. Passing small structs by value isn't as expensive as it once was, modern ABIs pass the initial fields in registers. However, this struct does have ten pointer/integer fields, and I'm not aware of a mainstream ABI that allows that many. x86-64 allows up to six on Linux, IIRC. A quick check of the AArch64 ABI says it takes up to eight. So yeah, there will be stack traffic involved if these function calls are not inlined.